“ Turate twogeze Demokarasi
imaze gushinga imizi mu Rwanda”_
Iyo ni imwe mu ndirimbo yaramutsaga benshi muli “Mukanguke burakeye” ya Radio Rwanda ku munsi wa 28 Mutarama, igihe ubutegetsi bwa repubulika ya 2 bwongeye gusubiza ku rutonde rw’iminsi ngarukamwaka kandi nyibutsa mateka uyu munsi.
Ni nabwo kandi ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaboko bita volleyball ryashyizeho igikombe bitiriye demokarasi maze umukino wa nyuma ukaba ku wa 28 Mutarama.
Aliko se uwo munsi wavutse ute?
Nkuko inama rusange ya 15 y’umuryango w’abibumbye, ONU/UN, yali yarateranye ku wa 20 Ukuboza 1960, umwe mu myanzuro yayo wa 1579 uvuga ku Rwanda-Urundi, yateganyaga gushyiraho akanama kihariye kazakurikiranira hafi inama rukokoma izabanziriza amatora, kuyategura no kuyayobora hanyuma kakazatanga inyandiko mvugo y’iyo milimo yose.
Gusa Ostende mu Bubiligi mu mpera z’Ukuboza kwa 1960, haje kuba ibindi biganiro aho amashyaka amwe n’amwe yerekanye impugenge yali atewe n’ibyo byemezo.
Nyuma y’ibiganiro bya Ostend, uwali minister w’ubugengagihugu Yohani Batista Rwasibo nibwo yatumije inama y’ababurugumesitiri n’abakonseye igaterana ku wa gatandatu 28 Mutarama1961 i Gitarama.
Igihe inama yinikije nibwo Yozefu Gitera, wali umuyobozi w’inama y’ u Rwanda (President of the Rwanda Council) yahagarutse agafata ijambo agira ati:
“Karinga irasheshwe kandi ubutegetsi bwa Kigeli wa V Ndahindurwa burangiriye aha” .
Gitera yarakomeje, nibwo yerekanye ibendera ry’u Rwanda rigizwe n’amabara y’umutuku, umuhondo n’icyatsi kibisi. Arangiza avuga ati:
“Harakabaho repubulika” .
Gitera akimara kuvuga ayo magambo, maze rubanda rwahise rubifatira hejuru ruhita rumwikiriza.
Ubwo hakurikiyeho amatora nibwo Dominiko Mbonyumutwa wa Parmehutu yabonye amajwi 2391 bivuga 83 ku ijana by’abatoye.
Hakurikiyeho amatora y’abadepite maze Parmehutu yegukana imyanya 40 n’aho Aporosoma yegukana imyanya 4. Inama y’abadepite bari bamaze gutorwa, nibwo yitoyemo Gitera Yozefu kuyibera umuyobozi wungirijwe na Lazare Mpakaniye wa Parmehutu.
Kuli uwo mugoroba, Gregoire Kayibanda yashyizwe ku mwanya wa ministre w’intebe nibwo yatangaje abagize guverinoma alibo aba:
- Ministre w’intebe n’uw’uburezi: Gerigori Kayibanda,
- ministre w’ubugengagihugu: Yohani Batista Rwasibo,
- ministre w’ubuhinzi: Balitazari Bicamumpaka,
- Ministre w’imibereho myiza n’impunzi: Jacques Hakizumwami,
- Ministre wa tekiniki: Tewodori Sindikubwabo,
- Ministre w’ubukungu: Kalisiti Habamenshi,
- Ministre w’imali: Gaspari Cyimana,
- Ministri w’ubutabera: Anastase Makuza,
- Ministre w’ububanyi n’amahanga: Aloys Munyangaju na Germain Gasingwa,
- Ministre w’ingabo: Isidore Sebazungu.
Ubuyobozi bw’urukiko rwi’ikirenga bweguriwe Isidore Nzeyimana wungirijwe na ba: Daniel Shamukiga, Claver Ndahayo,Narisisi Sekerere na Faranswa Ackerman.
Perezida Mbonyumutwa kandi yatangaje ko u Rwanda rubaye igihugu kigenga kandi kigomba kugendera ku matwaya ya demokarasi, ko abanyarwanda bose bareshya imbere y’amategeko nta vangura rishyingiye ku ibara ry’uruhu, ubwoko cg se iyobokamana.
Kuki se ubwami bwaba bwarasheswe?
Ahagana mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19, inkuru y’umwana isubire inyuma, ubwo Kanjogera abwiye Makabuza wali woherejwe na Muhigirwa ngo amushyire amaturo alicyo kimenyetso cyo kuyoboka naww Muhigirwa amusubiza actora ati: “ubwo abega bafite ubwami nta munyiginya uzar okoka”.
Ibi nibyo byajemo kuva mo iyicwa rya Mibabwe IV Rutarindwa alibyo bamwe baje kwita “Ibyacikiye ku Rucunshu” aho umwami wimitswe yishwe n’abe ndetse agapfana n’abamwe mu biru bakuru. Ibyali ubwiru ko “umwami avukana imbuto” byahise biba impuha kuko Yuhi V Musinga wamusimbuye yali yambuye ubwami “uwavukanye imbuto”.
Ibi byahuriranye nuko mu museso w’ikinyejana cya 20, alibwo abamisiyoneri bayobowe na Pere Brard baje kwita Terebura basesekaye ibwami basaba ko bakwigisha iyobokamana.
Abo bihayimana bo mu muryango bise “abapadiri bera”bahawe ikibanza bashinga misiyoni ya Save batangira kwigisha iyobokamana. Muli uwo mwaka kandi hashinzwe kandi za misiyoni ya Nyundo ndetse na Zaza.
Kuli za misiyoni niho rubanda yigishijwe ko Imana ariyo yaremye abantu kandi ko abantu bose bangana imbere y’Imana.
Amashuli yigisha iyobokamana, ndetse n’ubundi mu bumenyi aba arashinjwe halimo ishuri ry’indatwa i Butare bitaga ishuli ry’abashariti kuko ryatangijwe na “freres de la charite” ariryo ryaje kuvamo “Urwunge rw’amashuli rwa Butare” Amaseminali aba nayo aratangijwe aliho benshi batangiye kwiga uko abaromani n’abagereki bikijije ubwami maze bagashinga za “repubulika” na “demokarasi” bivuga ubutegetsi bwa rubanda kandi bushyizweho na rubanda.
Mu mpera za 1931, nibwo Yuhi wa V Musinga yaje gucirirwa ishyanga n’ubutegetsi bwa gikolonize kuko batashoboye kwumvikana maze bamusimbuza umuhungu we Mutara wa III Rudahigwa nawe waje gupfa (ku ya 25 Nyakanga 1959) atabyaye uzamuzungura maze asimburwa na murumuna we Kigeli wa V Ndahindurwa nawe wakiriwe n’impinduramatwara yo ku wa 1 Ugushyingo ubwo insoresore za Lunari zasagariye umurwanashyaka wa Parmehutu aliwe Dominique Mbonyumutwa avuye mu misa yizihiza umunsi mukuru w’abatagatifu mu Byimana.
N’ubwo Mutara Rudahigwa yali yagerageje kugabanya ukunyunyuzwa no gupyinagazwa kwa bandeda nyamwishi akuraho ubuhake ndetse agategeka ko abagaragu bagabana ibikingi na ba shebuja, bandeda nyamwinshi ihangajwe imbere n’amashyaka alimo Parmehutu n’abakubise ingabo mu bitugu umurwanashyaka Gerigori Kayibanda, yali yaracengeje amatwara muli ribbonda ibyiza by’ubutegetsi bushyingiye kuli demokarasi ko bandeda ariyo yihitiramo abayobozi kandi ikavamo n’abo bayobozi binyuze mu matora.
Demokarasi mu Rwanda rw’uyu munsi
Kuva aho RPF yaje irasa abaturage ngo izanye demokarasi, nta demokarasi iba mu Rwanda igihe amatora n’ibizayavamo biba bizwi mbereho imyaka itanu y’uko ayo amatora aba.
Harakabaho demokarasi ku bayikunda kandi umunsi mwiza w’ivuka rya demokarasimu Rwanda ku nshuro ya 63.
Umukunzi wa demokarasi na Repubulika.